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Pakistan: Dengue fever outbreak reported in Sindh and Balochistan provinces as of February 2021

Event

Pakistani health officials reported more than 250 cases of dengue fever in southern provinces, Pakistan, Jan. 1-Feb. 13, compared to 106 cases reported over a similar period in 2020. The most affected provinces are Sindh (180 cases), followed by Balochistan (72 cases). This represents the most recent data available as of March 1.

Context

Dengue fever is a year-round and nationwide risk in Pakistan. While dengue fever is endemic to the coastal areas of Balochistan, activity has historically been highest in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. Authorities reported 3,442 dengue fever cases in Pakistan in 2017, more than 3,200 in 2018, almost 24,547 in 2019, and 3,442 cases in 2020.

A dengue fever vaccine is available in some countries. It is only recommended for individuals with a history of dengue infection and in a country with high dengue fever burden. Dengue fever is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms of dengue fever include a sudden onset of fever and at least one of the following: severe headache, severe pain behind the eyes, muscle and/or joint pain, rash, easy bruising, and/or nose or gum bleeding. Symptoms typically appear 5-7 days after being bitten, but can develop up to 10 days after exposure. Dengue fever can progress to a more severe form known as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). DHF can be fatal if it is not recognized and treated in a timely manner.

Advice

If previously infected with dengue fever, consult your physician regarding vaccination. Avoid mosquito bites and remove standing water to reduce the number of biting mosquitoes. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop within two weeks of being in affected areas. Do not use aspirin or ibuprofen products if dengue fever is suspected, as these could exacerbate bleeding tendencies associated with the disease.

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